Difference between revisions of "Gun"
Apple Bottom (talk | contribs) (s/Sokwe/Matthias Merzenich/) |
m (grammar) |
||
(16 intermediate revisions by 9 users not shown) | |||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
==Barrels== | ==Barrels== | ||
It is not uncommon for glider guns to have multiple '''barrels'''; that is, streams of gliders that come out along multiple different paths. For example, the [[B-52 bomber]] | It is not uncommon for glider guns to have multiple '''barrels'''; that is, streams of gliders that come out along multiple different paths. For example, the [[B-52 bomber]] and [[Simkin glider gun]] are said to be double-barreled because they produce two streams of gliders. The [[period-256 glider gun]] and [[Gunstar]] and its variants all have four barrels, and [[P94S]] contains a whopping 12 barrels. Given a gun with multiple barrels, one can eliminate barrels by simply placing an [[eater 1]] in the path of the unwanted glider streams. | ||
==Pseudo-period guns== | ==Pseudo-period guns== | ||
Line 19: | Line 19: | ||
==True-period guns== | ==True-period guns== | ||
A '''true-period gun''' (as opposed to a [[#Pseudo-period guns|pseudo-period gun]]) is a gun that emits a period n stream of spaceships (or rakes) via a mechanism that oscillates with period equal to n. True period n guns are known to exist for all periods greater than 53<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radicaleye.com/lifepage/patterns/bhept/bhept.html|title=My Experience with B-heptominos in Oscillators|author=Dave Buckingham|accessdate=May 14, 2009|date=October 12, 1996)}}</ref>, but only a few smaller periods have been achieved, namely [[Period-20 glider gun|20]], [[ | A '''true-period gun''' (as opposed to a [[#Pseudo-period guns|pseudo-period gun]]) is a gun that emits a period n stream of spaceships (or rakes) via a mechanism that oscillates with period equal to n. True period n guns are known to exist for all periods greater than 53<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.radicaleye.com/lifepage/patterns/bhept/bhept.html|title=My Experience with B-heptominos in Oscillators|author=Dave Buckingham|accessdate=May 14, 2009|date=October 12, 1996)}}</ref>, but only a few smaller periods have been achieved, namely [[Period-20 glider gun|20]], [[True period_22 gun|22]], [[True period 24 gun|24]], [[Gosper glider gun|30]], [[Period-33 glider gun|33]], [[Period-36 glider gun|36]], [[Period-40 glider gun|40]], [[P44 pi-heptomino hassler|44]], [[Period-45 glider gun|45]], [[New gun 1|46]], [[True period 24 gun|48]], [[Period-50 glider gun|50]], [[Period-52 glider gun|52]]. Credits for gun periods below 62 are as follows: | ||
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%"><tr> | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! Period | |||
! Discoverer | |||
! Year of discovery | |||
|- | |||
! [[Period-20 glider gun|20]] | |||
| [[Matthias Merzenich]] and [[Noam Elkies]] | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2013|2013]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[true_period_22_gun|22]] | |||
| [[David Eppstein]] and [[Jason Summers]] | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2000|2000]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[true_period_24_gun|24]] | |||
| Noam Elkies | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1997|1997]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Gosper_glider_gun|30]] | |||
| [[Bill Gosper]] | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1970|1970]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Period-33 glider gun|33]] | |||
| [[Arie Paap]] and Matthias Merzenich | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2018|2018]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Period-36 glider gun|36]] | |||
| Jason Summers | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2004|2004]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Period-40 glider gun|40]] | |||
| [[Adam P. Goucher]], Jason Summers, and Matthias Merzenich | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2013|2013]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[p44_pi-heptomino_hassler|44]] | |||
| [[David Buckingham]] | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1992|1992]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[period-45_glider_gun|45]] | |||
| Matthias Merzenich | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2010|2010]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[new_gun_1|46]] | |||
| Bill Gosper | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1971|1971]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Period-48 glider gun|48]] | |||
| Noam Elkies | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1997|1997]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Period-50 glider gun|50]] | |||
| [[Dean Hickerson]] and Noam Elkies | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1996|1996]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Period-52 glider gun|52]] | |||
| [[Dave Greene]], Chris Cain, Matthias Merzenich and Adam P. Goucher | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2018|2018]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Quetzal#Quetzal-54|54]] | |||
| [[Dietrich Leithner]] | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1998|1998]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Quetzal#Quetzal-55|55]] | |||
| [[Stephen Silver]] | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1998|1998]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Quetzal#Quetzal-56|56]] | |||
| Dietrich Leithner | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1998|1998]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Quetzal#Quetzal-57|57]] | |||
| Matthias Merzenich | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2016|2016]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Quetzal#Quetzal-58|58]] | |||
| [[thunk]] and Matthias Merzenich | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2016|2016]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[period-59_glider_gun|59]] | |||
| Adam P. Goucher and Jason Summers | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2009|2009]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[period-60_glider_gun|60]] | |||
| Bill Gosper | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 1970|1970]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[Period-61 glider gun|61]] | |||
| Luka Okanishi | |||
| [[:Category:Patterns found in 2016|2016]] | |||
|} | |||
==Guns in Life-like cellular automata== | ==Guns in Life-like cellular automata== | ||
Due to the existence of some small spaceships in [[Cellular_automaton#Life-like_cellular_automata|Life-like cellular automata]] with birth at two live neighbours (B2), many low-period spaceship guns have been found using tools such as [[WinLifeSearch]]. In contrast, there are very few rules without B2 (and B0) that are known to contain guns. The following is a list of rules with neither B0 nor B2 that have known guns: | Due to the existence of some small spaceships in [[Cellular_automaton#Life-like_cellular_automata|Life-like cellular automata]] with birth at two live neighbours (B2), many low-period spaceship guns have been found using tools such as [[WinLifeSearch]]. In contrast, there are very few outer-totalistic rules without B2 (and B0) that are known to contain guns. The following is a list of outer-totalistic rules with neither B0 nor B2 that have known guns: | ||
{| style="width:100%" | | {| style="width:100%" | | ||
|- | |- | ||
Line 87: | Line 179: | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
*[[Dieter and Peter's glider gun collection]] | |||
*[[LifeWiki:Game_of_Life_Status_page#Glider_gun_true-periods|Glider gun true-periods status table]] | *[[LifeWiki:Game_of_Life_Status_page#Glider_gun_true-periods|Glider gun true-periods status table]] | ||
*[[LifeWiki:Game_of_Life_Status_page#Gun_pseudo-periods|Gun pseudo-periods status table]] | *[[LifeWiki:Game_of_Life_Status_page#Gun_pseudo-periods|Gun pseudo-periods status table]] | ||
Line 96: | Line 189: | ||
==External links== | ==External links== | ||
{{LinkWikipedia|Gun_(cellular_automaton)}} | |||
{{LinkWeisstein|Gun.html}} | {{LinkWeisstein|Gun.html}} | ||
{{LinkLexicon|lex_g.htm#gun}} | {{LinkLexicon|lex_g.htm#gun}} |
Revision as of 19:39, 8 October 2019
A gun is a stationary pattern that repeatedly emits spaceships (or rakes) forever. By far the most common type of guns are glider guns, which emit gliders (the most well-known of which is the Gosper glider gun); however, guns that emit spaceships of other speeds, including c/2 orthogonal, 2c/5 orthogonal, and c/12 diagonal, have also been created.
History
The first gun to be discovered, the Gosper glider gun, was found by Bill Gosper in 1970, being the first known pattern in Conway's Game of Life to exhibit infinite growth. Since then, many guns have been constructed with various periods and that fire spaceships of various speeds. Due to simple glider syntheses of the standard spaceships many c/2 spaceship guns are known. The first gun that did not fire gliders or c/2 spaceships was a Cordergun (a gun that fires Corderships) constructed by Jason Summers in July, 1999[1] based on a synthesis of a variation of the 7-engine Cordership by Stephen Silver. In March, 2003 Noam Elkies completed the synthesis of 60P5H2V0 which Dave Greene used to construct the first 2c/5 spaceship gun in April of the same year.
In July, 2010 Dave Greene constructed a few guns for a geminoid spaceship.[2] These are the first guns that shoot obliquely-traveling spaceships and at the time were the largest patterns constructed in Life, in terms of their bounding boxes.
On February 17, 2013 Josh Ball discovered a simple c/7 orthogonal spaceship, loafer. Adam P. Goucher found a synthesis for loafer later that day, allowing the construction of c/7 orthogonal spaceship guns.
During March 2016 the Copperhead spaceship was discovered, with a glider synthesis and several guns following suit.
Barrels
It is not uncommon for glider guns to have multiple barrels; that is, streams of gliders that come out along multiple different paths. For example, the B-52 bomber and Simkin glider gun are said to be double-barreled because they produce two streams of gliders. The period-256 glider gun and Gunstar and its variants all have four barrels, and P94S contains a whopping 12 barrels. Given a gun with multiple barrels, one can eliminate barrels by simply placing an eater 1 in the path of the unwanted glider streams.
Pseudo-period guns
A pseudo-period gun (as opposed to a true-period gun) is a gun that emits a period n stream of spaceships (or rakes) via a mechanism that oscillates with a period different from n -- this period will necessarily be a multiple of n. Pseudo period n glider guns are known to exist for all periods greater than or equal to 14, with smaller periods being impossible. The first pseudo period 14 gun was built by Dietrich Leithner in 1995.
True-period guns
A true-period gun (as opposed to a pseudo-period gun) is a gun that emits a period n stream of spaceships (or rakes) via a mechanism that oscillates with period equal to n. True period n guns are known to exist for all periods greater than 53[3], but only a few smaller periods have been achieved, namely 20, 22, 24, 30, 33, 36, 40, 44, 45, 46, 48, 50, 52. Credits for gun periods below 62 are as follows:
Period | Discoverer | Year of discovery |
---|---|---|
20 | Matthias Merzenich and Noam Elkies | 2013 |
22 | David Eppstein and Jason Summers | 2000 |
24 | Noam Elkies | 1997 |
30 | Bill Gosper | 1970 |
33 | Arie Paap and Matthias Merzenich | 2018 |
36 | Jason Summers | 2004 |
40 | Adam P. Goucher, Jason Summers, and Matthias Merzenich | 2013 |
44 | David Buckingham | 1992 |
45 | Matthias Merzenich | 2010 |
46 | Bill Gosper | 1971 |
48 | Noam Elkies | 1997 |
50 | Dean Hickerson and Noam Elkies | 1996 |
52 | Dave Greene, Chris Cain, Matthias Merzenich and Adam P. Goucher | 2018 |
54 | Dietrich Leithner | 1998 |
55 | Stephen Silver | 1998 |
56 | Dietrich Leithner | 1998 |
57 | Matthias Merzenich | 2016 |
58 | thunk and Matthias Merzenich | 2016 |
59 | Adam P. Goucher and Jason Summers | 2009 |
60 | Bill Gosper | 1970 |
61 | Luka Okanishi | 2016 |
Guns in Life-like cellular automata
Due to the existence of some small spaceships in Life-like cellular automata with birth at two live neighbours (B2), many low-period spaceship guns have been found using tools such as WinLifeSearch. In contrast, there are very few outer-totalistic rules without B2 (and B0) that are known to contain guns. The following is a list of outer-totalistic rules with neither B0 nor B2 that have known guns:
|
|
See also
- Dieter and Peter's glider gun collection
- Glider gun true-periods status table
- Gun pseudo-periods status table
- List of guns
- Quetzal
References
- ↑ "Game of Life Status page". Retrieved on October 15, 2010.
- ↑ Adam P. Goucher (July 30, 2010). "Gemini guns". Retrieved on October 15, 2010.
- ↑ Dave Buckingham (October 12, 1996)). "My Experience with B-heptominos in Oscillators". Retrieved on May 14, 2009.
- ↑ Matthias Merzenich (Sokwe) (April 11, 2013). "Guns in Life-like cellular automata".
External links
- Gun at Wikipedia
- Gun at the Life Lexicon