Problem

An open problem is a problem for which no solution has been found. A former example is "Do oscillators of all periods exist in Conway's Game of Life?".

Unsolved problems can be subdivided into several basic categories:

• Periods: Do oscillators, spaceships, guns or puffers exist of a particular period?
• Unusual-growth patterns: What is the long-term effect of a predefined pattern? For example, it is unknown whether the Fermat prime calculator grows indefinitely.
• Solvable problems: Some problems are known to have a solution, but as yet no pattern has been built. For instance, no Conway's Life quadratic growth replicator has been built to date, but a workable blueprint is available, and no really large new technical problems would have to be overcome to complete the construction.
• Construction and destruction problems: These include finding the smallest Garden of Eden, building a stable eater that can absorb any single glider aimed at it, determining whether a particular object has a glider synthesis, or discovering an unstoppable-growth pattern.
• Spatial minimization problems: Find an object that satisfies some criterion that fits within a certain bounding box. Examples include Mike Playle's prize for a small stable reflector.
• Temporal minimization problems: As above, but concentrating on speed rather than size.

List of problems

Open and previously open problems include:

Problem	Status	Year posed	Posed by	Year solved	Solved by
Description
one cell thick infinite growth	solved	?	Nick Gotts	1998	Stephen Silver
The question “is there a one-cell-thick pattern exhibiting infinite growth?” was answered in the affirmative.
Coolout Conjecture	solved	<1992	Richard Schroeppel	2001	Richard Schroeppel
The question “given a partial Life pattern that's internally consistent with being part of a still life (stable pattern), is there always a way to add a stabilizing boundary?” was answered in the negative.
The Immovable Object Problem	open	1972	John Conway	—	—
Does there exist a bounded pattern such that the central cell will never change state no matter what is placed outside the pattern's boundary?
Garden of Eden	solved	?	?	<1970	Edward Moore
The existence of a Garden of Eden in Conway's Game of Life was known from the start because of a 1962 theorem by Edward Moore that guarantees their existence in a wide class of cellular automata.
Grandfather problem	solved	1972	John Conway	2016	mtve
The question “is there a configuration which has a father but no grandfather?” was answered in the affirmative.
Omniperiodicity	solved	?	?	2023	various people
The question “do oscillators of all periods exist?” has been answered in the affirmative.
Replicators	solved	?	?	1982	Elwyn R. Berlekamp, John Conway, Richard K. Guy
The question “do replicators exist in Conway's Game of Life?” was answered in the affirmative.
Still life finitization problem	open	?	Dean Hickerson	—	—
The question "given a still life without finite boundaries, can any MxN finite window of it be preserved within a finite still life by adding appropriate unchanging cells around it?" remains open. It has been shown that the margin around a window needed to stabilise it might be arbitrarily large.
Unique father problem	solved	1972	John Conway	2022	Ilkka Törmä, Ville Salo
The question “is there a stable configuration whose only father is itself?” was answered in the affirmative.
Universal computer / Universal constructor	solved	?	John Conway	1982	Elwyn R. Berlekamp, John Conway, Richard K. Guy
The question “does Conway's Game of Life support universal computation and universal construction?” was answered in the affirmative.
Non-p2 phoenix	solved	?	?	2024	Adam P. Goucher
The question “Does there exist a finite oscillator of period > 2 such that no cell remains on contiguously for more than one generation?” was answered in the negative. (The question for infinite agars and wicks was previously answered in the affirmative.)
Small glider reflector / duplicator	open	2013, 2020	Mike Playle	—	—
After the discovery of the color-preserving Snark in 2013, Mike Playle offered 100 USD for a stable 90-degree colour-changing glider reflector that fits in a 25x25 bounding box and has a repeat time of 50 generations or less. When the 0-degree Bandersnatch was found in 2020, he released another prize of 200 USD for a stable pattern which fits in a 25x25 bounding box, has a repeat time of 50 generations or less, and produces two output gliders that emerge in different directions and do not affect input gliders from infinity.
Bound-height lightspeed bubbles	solved	?	?	2017	Arie Paap
The question "Does there exist an n such that a lightspeed bubble containing an empty region of any width may be constructed with height ≤ n?" was answered in the positive, with n ≤ 37.

External links

• Unproven conjectures (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums
• Life has been proven omniperiodic. What next? (discussion thread) at the ConwayLife.com forums